System of control for electric motors.



N 881 887.. f PATBNTED MAR. 1o 1908.

o A. 0. EASTWOOD.

A SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.v

PPLIOATION FILED M .6,190 A AR 7 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

O OO OO OO OO OOOOOO OOOO OOOO OOOOOOOO OOOO OOOO HET. 8

cb Tx-TEM Pi. .PJ f ff fw-r-l OO OO OO OO OOOO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO gli @j yvan-ron ATTORNEY No. 881,387. PATBNTED MAR. l0, 1908.

vA. C. BASTWOOD.

SYSTEM CE CCNTRCL ECR ELECTRIC MCTCES.

N I E B.. 9 APPLIOATIO I' L D MA 6 l 07 4SHEETS SHEET 2.

lNvsN-ron .No. 881,387. PATENTED MAR. lO, 1908 A. O. EASTWOOD. v

SYSTEM OF CONTROL POR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. `6', 1907.

4`SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Ar-roRHtY No. 881,387 l PATENTED MAR. 1o, 1908.

' A. o. BAsTWooD. A

SYSTEM 0F CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC MOTCRS APPLICATION FILED MAB.6,1Q07.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

s nNvri-N-rtmV @PEM AT'I'DR NEY application for 't An'riiu'n C. EAs'rwoon, or CLEVELAND, onio.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March l0, E90@ Application filed March 6, 1907. Serial No. 360,925.

A.To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR C. EAsTwooD,j

a' citizen of the United States, residing at Glcveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State ol Ohio, haveinventcd. or (.liscovered new and useful lmprovenients in Systems ol Control lor Electric Motors, of which the liillowiim` is i. sj'iecitication.

' My invention relates to new and useful im prov ements'in electric railways, beiirgr particularly applicable to railways Constructed and inierated in accordance with my pendingr The object of the present invention'isto render it possible to use direct current at a relativelyA low voltage forsupplyingT the several motors driving a train,at the saine time securing' reliable and highly ellicient control ot the voltage. applied. to the motors whereby the speed ot the motors inay be varied to inect inierating` conditions and themotors may be started under a voltage so low that wasteful starting' resistances in series with the. motors willbe unnecessary.

My invention also provides means Whereby, whena. heavy currentat low voltage is required` (as in starting the motors), the current-carrying capacityoi the generator supplying the current will be correspondingly increased.

In this application l. have illustrated my improved system oi control applied to the control ot the several n'iotors propelling' a train, current being distributed vto the inoto'rs alter the. manner described in my pendingl application lor United States Patent, Serial `No. 255,30(5, It will be evident, however, Vthat the 'gene al system herein de `scribed is equally a]' plicable to the control ol` a stationary motor or motors.

ln carrying,` ont my invention, I make use ol: a generator of the generic type usually @known as a unipolai genci'atoiin which vided.

a. uniform inducing magnetic field is pro- .l arrange the generator with a. plu` rahty of conductors carried by the rotating inembe1 and l vary the voltage applied to the motors by vruying;r the grouping ot these conductors,minnecting them in multiple tor minimum volta.` voltage, l

My invention also includes means for el'-v lectin;v the alterations in the grouping oi the generator conductors such that the change from one grouping to another will be eileeted inited States Patent, Serial,

ge and. in series tor maximum instantaneously and will be independent et the speed vat which the operatingswitch er controller is actuated by the. nuiterman.

My invention also eil'ers means ier operating a given railway system at a maximum etliciency and minimum cost. ln sections et' the railway contiguous to `wat.er-power or a coal mine, where power can be ynoduced very cheaply, instead ol providing' ay power plant traveling' with the train and directly supplying power for driving a prime mover,

supply stationary power plants at the` points where power can be cheaply produced. This power l preferably generate and distribute as single phase. elternatini;` current which may readily be generated and distributed at high Voltage with small loss. ln such eases, instead ot driving;` the nnipolar generator, which supplies power to the motors on the train, with a steam turbine or" other direct prime mover, l drive. this een era tor with an altern atin ,ecurrent motor supplied with current preferably througl'i an overhead trolley system supplied with current from the stationary power plant, .ln

either case, that is to say, whether power is generated directly bya powerv plant traveling witlithe train or whether power is gein erated at a stationary power plant, duplicate unipolar generators will be. used and power will be distributed t'o the driving motors at similar voltages and in a similar manner so that the saine motor and train control equipments may be used on all sections el the railway and at. the same time, the characteristics of the various sections oi the railway with relation to the cheapest `generation of power may be made use el in the mest economical manner.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation oi a train equipped in accordance with my invention, power being generated by a power plan-ttraveling with the train; Fig. 2, a plan view, partly in section, of the power generating plant shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a Side elevation corresponding to Fig. 2, but wherein the unipolar generator is driven by an alternating current motor; Fine, av plan view partly in section of the traveling` power plant shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section oi' one form ol uiiipolar generator which lf may employ; lt1 ig. 6, a vertical cross section el Fig. 5 on the line 6*-6; Fig. 7, a plan view el' a portion el' a railway.equipped in accmdance with my invention and showing the stationary sectional power distributing conductors, co'n-.

tr'ol conductors and overhead trolley`wires on certair Iwctionsvenergized by stationary power plants; Fig. 8,I an end elevation of one of the trucks of a motor-driven car showing the location and arrangement of the contact mentoi ene or tri contact slices. Fig. 1.0 is

a dia' am of electiical connections of the uni o ai' generator with the associated conl T, which tro ig connections;l Figs'. .11, 12, .and 13, diagrams showin the grouping of the inductors of the unipo to the three ositions ofthe controller in Fig. and Fig. 14, a diagram of electrical a connectionsof the reversinfr switches on the various motor driven cars o a train. y

Referring to Fig. 1, which is a diagrammatical elevation of a train of cars, l pro'T vide a steam boiler B, `whichis supplied with fuel and Iwater .romthe tender Steam is supplied from theboiler B to a steam turbine drives The field winding of the generatoris excited by a direct current exciter E. K is a controllerby means oi'which the speed, power and direction of mo'tionfef the various motors .on'the train arecontrolled, as will be later c alternating current.

. withvfour inductors, al, u2, of each of these inductors explained-` R1, P2, P3, `and P4 represent motor-driven cars in the make-u of the train, other motorless cars being p aced between tlie .motor driven cars. It is to be noted that, while I have preferred a steam `boiler B and steam turbine T, other forms 'of prime movers, as for instance, a gas turbine might be used instead, the fundamental idea bein that power is Generated from fuel consume by a power plant traveling with the train.

in Fig. 3 which shows a diagrammatical view of a train of car's, I use a unipolar gen' erator U driven by a single phase motor A, to which current wire a, this construction being made use of, as reviously'explained, at oints along the rai way wherepower may e economically produced and transmitted'in. the form of the rails'of therailway and the stationary ar generator corresponding' "a unipolar generator U.`

is supplied'i'rorn the trolley c one another.

tions. of the controller.

This unipolar power conductor N, Fig. 7. lTo vary 'the speed of the motors, Vthe inductors carried by the rotating member oi" the generator are grouped in diil'erent relations as shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13. A' l Y.

In Fig. 11, thefour'inductors u1," ae, uf* are shown as connected in parallel. With this connection' the voltage delivered to the motors will be that generatedby oneiii'tluc-A tor and the current carrying capacityof the generator will be'correspondingly increased, since its windings are in parallel. I

In Fi 12, inductors u1, uzaie'connected-V in paral el vand in serieswitb inductorsua, a* which arealso connected in parallel. This gives double the voltage of the combination in Fig. 11, with one half the carrying' capacity. y

F ig.' 13,all of the inductors are in series, which gives double -the, voltage oi Fig. v12, with half the carrying capacity thereof. While I have shown'only four inductors carried by the rotating member ofthe generator, of course, this number may be altered as desired withoutl in any way' departing from the spirit of my invention. The grouping of the inductors, and hence the voltage applied to the driving motors, is controlled by a controller, the'connections of which are shown in Fig. 1-0. In vthis iigure, u1, u2, us, il# represent the induetors of the generator as -betore. The grouping ol" these inductors is con- 'l l trolled by magnetically operated switches.; S1, S2, S-S, each of these switches being acv tuated by its own magnetizing winding'sl, s2, s3

etc. A number of the switches, for instance, S2, S3 are yeked together, the switch arm being continuous'and pivoted at its middle point in such a'inanner, that, for instance, when.

switch S2 is. closed, switch S cannot close and vice versa. Current for actu atingthe switches is derived from the exciter E, one terminal of which is connected tothe contact finger k1 of the operating controller K, the other terminal being connectedthrou'h Wire 10 to one end each of the switcii'\'vindings s1 to swg The controller K as indicated is of the drum' or cylinder type and is shown in developed form, k1, k2, k3, LA, 7a2-Ic represent-- ing the stationary contact fingers k7, s# 12 representing corresponding contact strips carried by the drum of the controller and coo erati with the contact fingers. All of t iese strips are in electrical connection with f 1,'2, and 3 yrepresent 4the operating posi- In position 1 the contactinger k1 is-in'connection,with the strip'l; the finger k2; in contact with the strip les; theiingerY 7c3, in contact with the striplc; and tlieiinger 7c, in contact with the stri 7cm. 'In this position, the switches'S, S2, 4, S, S7, S9, S1, -S2, S, and Sware closed. Upon following'out the circuit connections it will be seen that the closure of these switches causes the grouping of the indiictors shown wir@ lonihi,

v i conductor tho imlnctor if' and thoy sontx Mating with tho strip i'f".

i he Switch S5, h onf'over, provontofi 'lironi olonrmg by vir'tno of the inet that tho Switoh S" is linger fc5, the nn ,wah inntnntly clown, i Thin in. il, that is to my, :ill o-'lgl'ie iinlnoto'rs l are in prinftllol` @no cnil. of tho pnrzillol group in Connected through the niro 2() :intl tho Contact Shoo 'It nf'ithftho stntionnry pow-r Tho othor ond. oi tho group is Connootafl throngli. tho wirr El sind tho trnrk oill the ein' to tho rnilh (i. ilinov @zich oil` 'tho 1notor-ilrivon mrs is proviiloil with roni'inft Shoes n, Cr'lporntii' 7 with the poiror `oonchiotor h, current nnppliod. to tho motors through this contact Shoo anal tho rnclin ol th@`A respective rn.

The inoior oronit i'or position l in no ifol from tho ponrr comlnolor N tln'onflh Shoo n, final tho wim 20 tho ooniinflo ol" vitoh fr?) 'tho inihi" nl, tho ron mit ill, tho iijontntt# oi' ho witch oooniii hrsi Ch 'l'roni ho Contar f, if, and th@l 'foniviiots ol tho mi itch [rif j from ihn von'lnotrs nl tl S, in. which wirr tho irnrrontn oi" y' Soriheiihfnnchon ironi xiii i rien tho onrron't from tho two inilmftors nl and ui. A liourtii branch from tho wins E() i londo through the contati-tn oi tho switch 5', i s ol tho switoh l Sl to the conin'ion rotinn wir L? l. l

in passing i'roni position .l to ponition 2 of tho controller l, it to ho noted that thvy contact ii' ir lows Contact with tho trip i in omi. tho u maken noni/.fmt with tho n ripf it wili he soon nino that tho von,-

't stiijin il, ik o'vorizip so that ihr nwioh im, onto voonoctii to ihrif i n-imfl r if hoiog'o the twitch nmggnol ronnoctoci to tl (iontoo' noci' if me thini `hisis tor tho pnrpofio oi" nooin'insf instantznloons action oi tho imitohin, hasn-on :is follows: Koierring to tho vita-,hoo S4 and Si, when in position l of tho oontrolloi. K, tho switch S olosoil, sinoo ita coil si in oxffitofl through tho contini linqor iff Qoopnll ontrollor i rotnterl. to'wzoxl poition 2, thiA contini-t si rip mino: into so. 1l.l with tho i c l for@ iho ntiip l:l1 lum/'on Contact with tho finger Ich Tho Poil .vf oll tho switch Si in thorovforo oxoitoil `:nhl the Snitch tonda to clone. )rior tothooponingoi tl'iocircnitoi" thocoilsl,

olosed,` and., thoroioro, has n wry small :iiiwgnp in th@y nntgn'otio oironit ol" iin ('iosing inng'not, while 'the closinga ningnot oi" tho switch Ff hns :i miixinnnn op. Tho instant, hoi'vi over, that tho in if opvns` cironit rith tinI is true 0i" 'voll of tin othvr ionhlo noting) int mil prowntingr :i

switohos having Vtheir respectivo windings onjnootm'i to the Contact iingors ci, Vf.

in iliosilion 2 of tho controllor K, tin.` following` sn'irhcs :nio olosml, nznnoly, S1, S2, Cv, S, W, L, l, S, S, :1nd, ril. This gives the groupingl ol' the gonorntor inihlotors shown, in Fig. lf2, that is to Soy) inilnotorr; nl, 'ufl afro in pzuollol :intl tho pair iro in sori'it` with inln tors u, fit1, n hirh :iro nlso in pnrnllol. in passing from po;"lion 2 to ponition 3 ot tho rontrollcr it', it will ho noon that tho Strips if", /i" also ovorlnp, so that instnntminous rlmngon in rirnnit ronnoctions will Yho so- -nrn l in passing' ironi position 2 to 3 :1S in position 3, tho follownitrhos nro clon-oil: H. S, Si, Sx S, Hm, ii :nul TW. 'l`l ,in giros tho grouping imhnl'oru vhon'n in Fig. i3, nz'nnoly, the inilnvoi i ff, lu?x it, il, nro :ill in serios, npliing lho driving motors o n the l Voltaggio through "tho Whon tho oillposilion is rozwhml, tho sing'lo ino oi tho woig'hn; 11` with which tho switch in'nisi nro provhlml, thorohjj* oponinpr tho oiri'nrlhor supply oi cnw ront through thv ponor conductor N nnil tho mils (i. hor ronirolling tho ilirootion of rotziiion ol tho motor` on tho various inolorilrivon mars P'l` l, l, P, il, havo proviiioil, on nin-h wir, n inupgnrtirnlly oporntoil rovorso switffh n'hivh is oporattocl in on@y (liroction or lho olhor h if vioolronmgnotn je, z- Tho fiiffnity oi' those nnignots nro oontrolloil hij :L pohn'iznil who' hnrinfr nn olootrommgnot 2.1 :toting npon :i pohirizoii nnmtnro e?, which is provhhii with oonlzn'lsl ooopo'nting with Stnionury oontnrn 23, z". XVhon xfnrrent iii'mn through thcl oloutro-inngnot al in ono iliforiion, hi :irninnro 22 in repollonl into ooninot niih tho Contact i2". Vihon ourroi'it iiowf; throng-h tho whining;` in th rom/'orso (lirrrlioin tho :winni/nro in iittinotoii into oonzirt nit h tinl torininzil ai. Tho opoiiiting so-` ionoiil ff if: rontrolloil hy tho Contact z :unl ihn opoinling :solenoid e iii ffoi'itrollml h3' tho roninvl 2f. 'To (n1-nso not lnotion ol' tho rovrrsin;` .sn/iivhw: on oooh oi'tho n'iot nlrivon can-spit is only nooossnry to rovers@ tho po- -hiritv of tho control conductor M with referonoo to tho rails (i, since thpy position of the ol' the polnrizml rolny (lepomls znnifitnro npon thol nhrooiion ol tho liow'of Current through tho wnnhngo'f it will ho soon that ono rml ol' this winding is connected to :i rontnot :@hoo in, roiiiointing with tho'taitionnry vontrol \,n hn',tor lli, whiio tho other onli oi liao winding,7V in ronnootml through tho trorla 'i olviho (for to lh@ rails G. This ro- Yrrsni oi' polarity is-ol'i'ooloil hy menno olt n.

.movable contact strips rl, 1, which coperate' with'the stationary contact fingers r3, rtf

T5, r". The-contact lingers 7", yr are connected respectively to the terminals of the exciter el. Contact finger r4 is connected to the control conductor M through the contact shoe'm carriedA by the leading car of the train. Contact linger 1' is connected to the rails G through the trucks of the leading car.

' With the parts in the position shown, that is,

with` contact strip 1 bridging the fingers 114, 75 and contact stri-p 12 bridging the iingers r3, 1*,ithe potential otl the control conductor M relative to therails G will be such as to cause thevelectro-magnet z to repel the armature z2, thus energizing the actuating coil e andcausing the reversing switch Z to take the position shown. v

VVhenthe reversing switch R isY actuated in order to reverse the direction of motion of the driving motors X, contact strip r1 bridges ingers Tir, while, the strip r2 bridges the fingers r3, r4. lIt willbe -seen that this has the effect of reversing the connections between the armature of the exciter e1 and the control conductor M and the rails G, respectively.

. This causes current to flow through the winding of the electromagnet z ina reverse direction, thus causing it to attract the armature 22 and thereby energize the actuating coil 25. This causes contact strip s to bridge the contact fingers zg, z and the contact strip z12 to bridge theiingers 27, z8, lt will be understood thatthis reVerSesthe direct-ion' of the iiow of current through the armature X of. the driving motor, while current flows through the iield winding Y in the same diy rection as before, thus reversing the directionof rotation of the armature-.oi the motor in the well-known way.-

It is to be noted that 'I have indicated but .one m'otor on each of the motor driven cars. -lt isobvious that two or more motors may be operated on the trucks ofeach car, in the well-known way, asjdesired, the motorsbeing preferably connected in parallel and speed variation secured by varying the grouping of the inductors of the generator as previously' described. v' It-will be readily seen that my invention requires very little electrical equipment on the motor-driven cars beyondthe driving motors, there being merely a simple form of reversing switch with its associated polarized relay on each of these cars.

' ther there need be no electrical connections or electrical apparatus on any of the cars in-v -the stationary power conductor ,N,lwhile the tween the motor-driven units in the train on.

a roadoperated in accordance with my invention.

In Fig. 7, I have indicated diagrammatically a railway in which electric power may be generated with exceptional economy at cer-A tain oints along the line. Inthis ligure,V G

are t 1e rails of the railway, N is the sectional stationary power conductor," and is the` stationary sectional control condut'ztor'.v a1, a? are sections of a trolley wire fed the'stationary electric generators S,-S2, which are located at point-s Whichofier exceptional opportunity for the economic production of power. In sucha road the sections or divisions supplied with a trolley Wire and fed by the stationary power plant will be operated in accordance with Fig. 3, in which the unipolar generator U'will be driven, preferably, by a single phase high speed motor A, supplied with power through the trolley dre a'and the rails of the railway. The other sections or divisions ofthe railwaywill be o erated with power units such as that in icatedA in Fig.l 1, the power being primarily generated by a plant traveling with the train.

vPreferably the unipolar generator U will be the same in either case as will also the operating controller K, the magneticallyoper-y ated controller governed thereby, and the driving motors with the associated reversing mechanism on each of the motor-driven cars,

car or cars between consecutive motor cars,

Aand means for controlling the voltage delivrloes 'of said train said train having a motorless ered by said generator to said driving motors c and for controlling the direction of rotation of said motors from a given point on said train, said means being independent of the.'

cars on said train not equipped with electric driving motors. *i w 2. ln an electric railway system, the combination of a train of cars, an electric enerator, means `for drivingthe samevon'sai train, electric driving motors on certain ofthe cars ot said train, a stationary power-conductor along said railway through which and the' railsiof said railway said generator. may'de- -liveravariable voltage to said 'driving motors, and means on the train for varying the voltage delivered by said generator.;

.- 3. ln an'electric railway system,; the combination of a train of cars, an electric encrator, means for driving thsameon sai train,

electric driving motors on certain of the cars of said train, a stationary power conductor along said railway through which and the rails of said railway said generator may deliver a variable voltage to said drivingv nio- 1:5 point oiisaid train.

4. In a distributing system ior electric niotors, tliexcombination of a unipolar generator having a "plurality of inductois, power actuated switches for altering lthe -grou ping of said inductors, and a controller for governing the action ol said ypower actuated switches,

the arrangement being such that each change in the grouping of said inductors is accomplished in a period ol ltime independentiol the speed at which said controller is operated.

51 in a distributing system for electric motors, a unipolar generator having a plurality' of inductors, power actuated switches for ah tering the grouping of said inductors, means for energizing the closing mechanism of one of said switches prior .to denergizing the closing i'nechanism of another said switches, and means for ireventiiig the closure oi said `i'ir'st switch while said second switch is closed.

6. ln an electric railway system, a train of cars, driving motors on certain of said cars, a

stationary power conductor along said rail-l way, a'uiiipol'ar generator having a plurality of inductors and traveling along said railway, and means foralteriiig the grouping of said induetors between the said stationary power conductor andthe rails of said railway.

' 7. ln an electric railway system, the combination ol a train oi' cars, driving mot-ors on 45. certain oli said cars, a lstationary powercond ue? or along said railway, aunipolar generator having a` 'plurality ot' induetors and travelingalong .said railway and adapted tosupply current to said motors through said stationary power conductor and the rails of said railwayl and means for altering atwill thel grouping ol said inductors.

S ln an electric railway system, a tram ol cars, driving motors on certain ol' said cars, a

.stationary power conductor along said railwayiior supplying said motors with current, and means on the train for varying the diil'erence of potential between said power conductor and the rails of said railway.

lt ln an electric-railway systeni, a stationary power conductor, a train of cars, driving motors on certain of the 'ars 'on said train, a unipolar generator having av plurality of inductors and adapted to supply current tov said driving motors through said stationary power conductor and the rails of said railway, and means on the train for controlling the grouping of the inductors i said igenerator. i

i0. ln an electric railway syst-ern, a plural-` ity olf motor driven cars distributed through the length of a train, means whereby motors ol said cars may be supplied with power and controlled from a common point on the train, said means being indeiiendent of the cars not equipped with driving motors, and means whereby power ymay he gene-'rated on the train in the form of direct current or may be supplied to the train from a stationary power plant in the iorni ol alternating current, the same or duplicate drivii'ig motors and controlling apparatus being used in either case.

ii. ln an eleeivric railway system, two forms of power units, one forni comprising a power generating plant driving a unipolar generator and adapted to travel with a train, the driving motorson said train being supplied with power from said generator, the

second forni of power unit comprising an alternating current motor driving a unipolar generator, said motor being stippliedwith current from a stationary power plant, said unipolar generator land said driving motor being adapted to travel with said train, the driving motors on said train 'being supplied with power from said uni polar generator, the unipolar generator in either case being provided with a. plurality of inductors, and means for altering the grouping of said inductors so that the same or duplicate driving motors and"controllers may he employed in either case.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 2nd day of h'l'arch 1907.

lt'lilU lt C.' EASTNOOD. Witnesses:

(I. liii'iiin,

J. ll. liAiiL. 

